Al- Furuq Al-Fardiyah dalam Perspektif Al-Quran dan Hadis: Landasan Konseptual Konstruksi Kurikulum Pesantren Terpadu

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the concept of al-fur?q al-fardiyyah (individual differences) from the perspectives of the Qur'an and Hadith and to formulate its contribution as a conceptual foundation for the development of an integrated Islamic boarding school (pesantren) curriculum. The study is motivated by the tendency of pesantren curricula to remain standardized, thereby inadequately accommodating the diversity of students' potentials, abilities, and individual characteristics. Employing a qualitative library research approach, this study applies thematic analysis to relevant Qur'anic verses, educational Hadiths, classical Islamic scholarship, and contemporary Islamic education literature. The findings reveal that the principle of individual differences has a strong normative basis in the Qur'an and Hadith, reflected in the concepts of fitrah (natural disposition), individual accountability, the diversity of human capacities, and the Prophet Muhammad's adaptive educational practices toward learners' characteristics. The conceptual contribution of this study lies in proposing a conceptual framework for developing an integrated pesantren curriculum based on al-fur?q al-fardiyyah, positioning differentiated learning as a fundamental principle for optimizing each student's potential according to their individual characteristics.